Esperanto Socio De Sakramento
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Esperanto Grammar

- 16 Basic Rules
- No Exceptions

1. Only one definite article

Picture
"LA"  You use it for all sexes, cases, and numbers. (There's no indefinite article.)

3. Adjectives end in "A" - - 

(Same Plural and Case Endings as nouns)
Comparative - - use "PLI" (more) and "OL" (than)
Superlative - - use "PLEJ" (most)

5. Personal Pronouns  
(Decline as for nouns)

I = mi
you = vi
he = li
she = ŝi 
it = ĝi 
we = ni
they = ili
one = oni
self = si
POSSESSIVES
    add "a"
i.e., mine = mia

7. Adverbs end in "E"

Comparison as with adjectives 

9. Every word is 
Pronounced as it is spelled.

11. Words are formed by joining

Roots, suffixes and endings, with the chief of these  coming last.

13. To show Direction toward - - Nouns take accusative ending.

15. International words can become Esperanto words

By conforming to Esperanto spelling and grammar, i.e., telefono = telephone.

2. Nouns end in "O" - -

For Plural - - add "J"  (sounds like "Y" in English)
For Cases - - Nominative "O" (as is)
                        Accusative  "ON" (object)

4. Numerals are Not declined

1 = UNU
2 = DU
3 = TRI
4 = KVAR
5 = KVIN
Ordinals =
number + a (unua)
Multiples + obl
6 = SES
7 = SEP
8 = OK
9 = NAŬ
10 = DEK
Fractions + on
Collective + op
100 = CENT
1000 = MIL
20 = DUDEK
30 = TRIDEK
200 = DUCENT

6. Verbs - - no change
for PERSON or NUMBER

Present (being) = as
Past (been) = is
Future (going to be) = os
Conditional = us
Imperative = u
Infinitive = i
Participles
Active Present = ant
Active Past = int
Active Future = ont
Passive Present = at
Passive Past = it
Passive Future = ot
PASSIVE uses "esti" (to be) & passive
participle of verb. PREPOSITION is "de".

8. Prepositions followed by a nominative case

10. Accent is always on the  Next to Last Syllable.

12. Negative - - omit "ne" if more than one negative in sentence.

14. Each Preposition has definite and constant meaning but ..

Use variable "JE" (which has no meaning) if sense doesn't indicate what it should be, such as for time and measurement (or instead of "JE" use accusative and  no  preposition).

16. Final Vowel of Nouns and  Article

May be omitted and replaced with an apostrophe, as in poetry.
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